Youth Activity Archive

Activity Description: Design and build a simple moon‑lander model that can protect two “astronauts” during a drop test.

Items Needed:

• 1 piece of stiff paper or cardboard (about 4 x 5 in)
• 1 paper or plastic cup (8–12 oz)
• 3 index cards
• 2 regular marshmallows
• 10 miniature marshmallows
• 3 rubber bands
• 8 plastic straws
• Scissors
• Tape (about 1 meter)
• Challenge sheet
• (Optional) Microcontroller
• (Optional) Sensors, motors, or other devices

Instructions (Estimated Total Time: 45–50 min):

1. Introduce the challenge. (3–4 min)
   • Learn that spacecraft must land gently to keep astronauts safe.
   • Build a lander that protects two marshmallow “astronauts” during a drop.
2. Explore shock absorbers. (3–4 min)
   • Look at how soft items like marshmallows or folded index‑card springs can absorb impact. Discuss how to make shock absorbers using the materials. Think about how to keep the lander from tipping over.
3. Build the shock absorbers. (6–7 min)
   • Fold index cards into springs or use mini marshmallows as soft landing pads.
   • Attach the shock absorbers to the cardboard platform.
4. Build the lander. (6–7 min)
   • Tape the cup to the platform to make the cabin. Place two regular marshmallows inside as astronauts. Keep the cup open.
5. Test the lander. (4–5 min)
   • Drop the lander from a height of about 1 foot. Check if the astronauts stay inside and if the lander lands gently.
6. Improve the design. (6–7 min)
   • If the lander tips over, adjust the cup or move parts to balance the weight.
   • If the lander bounces too much, change the size or number of shock absorbers or add more mini marshmallows.
7. Retest and finalize. (3–4 min)
   • Test again and make final improvements until the lander works well.

Step-by-Step Tutorials:

• Alternate Instructions: NASA JPL Education – Touchdown 

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